November 27, 2012 Tahrir

CNN VIDEO: “Egypt drafts a new constitution” 

November 27th Tuesday

Late Tuesday afternoon, curiosity got the better of Nina and me as we began our stroll from Dokki past Opera towards Tahrir Square. On the bridge from Opera to downtown Tahrir, groups of people were gathered exchanging greetings, couples holding hands, small children in the arms of their parents – all walking towards Tahrir Square. It felt like one big family trip to the zoo rather than an atmosphere of violent clashes as portrayed by the media, although one person died from the protests on Tuesday.

 

downtown Tahrir
November 27, 2012

 

November 28th Wednesday

Modern Standard Arabic class with Ustaz Ibrahim:

Me: “Did you go to the protests yesterday?”

Ibrahim: “No. I stayed at home.”

Me: “But there were so many people in Tahrir Square. 200,000?”

Ibrahim: “There were more people at home.” :)

 

There is no united Egypt, and whenever the people (whether they be pro-Morsi or the liberal opposition) are disgruntled they head to Tahrir Square.

I wonder how Egyptians define citizenship.

What is democracy? What is leadership?

Oh the depths,

November 25, 2012from siwa to mars matrouhCopyright: Mary Hayoung Kim

November 25, 2012
from siwa to mars matrouh
Copyright: Mary Hayoung Kim

“Oh, the depths of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable his judgments, and his paths beyond tracing out!”

-Romans 11:33

November 25, 2012from siwa to mars matrouh

November 25, 2012
from siwa to mars matrouh

“깊도다! 하나님의 부요와 지혜와 지식이여, 그분의 판단은 헤아릴 수 없으며 그분의 길은 찾아낼 수 없도다.”

-로마서 11:33

 

November 15, 2012 Tahrir

Arab League Union headquarters
November 15, 2012
Copyright: Mary Hayoung Kim

 

Being “directionally”-challenged leads to unexpected coincidences. My refined art of getting lost thrust me into the middle of anti-Israel protests in downtown Cairo around 5 p.m. today. A couple dozen protesters carrying Palestinian and Egyptian flags had gathered in front of the Arab League headquarters in Tahrir to convey their support for their brethren in Gaza and to express their anger against Israel. Chanting against the Israeli Gaza Strip occupation and Israeli airstrikes, protesters began to make their way from in front of the Arab League headquarters into Tahrir Square while Egyptian local media captured the scene. The constituents of the protests appeared to be mostly young men in their twenties. (The Al-Ahram news reports on anti-Israel demonstrations from Monday (12th) say the National Front for Justice and Freedom and the Revolutionary Socialists were among the participating groups.)

At the scene, there was economic profit being made by men selling big and small Egyptian and Palestinian flags. I was also approached by a man with paint who, before I could refuse, began to draw a large “I” and a red heart on my right cheek and an Egyptian flag on the left cheek before demanding an outrageous 25 Egyptian pounds which I of course did not pay but haggled down to 4.

At the scene, there was a lot of requests for a photo (despite being unrelated to the protests, I failed to blend into the crowd).

At the scene, there were local journalists looking out for me when there appeared to be any sign of harassment from young boys, and local media people giving me a 101 low-down on ‘what-to-watch-out-for-at-a-Tahrir-rally.’

While Egyptians hold anti-Israel rallies, in Israel schools have been called off today and the coming Sunday and the region is on code red after continuing airstrikes between Israel and Hamas over the last couple of days. Pandora’s box of rockets seems to have been opened on November 9th when Palestinian militants fired an anti-tank rocket at an Israeli army jeep along the Gaza border. Since then, Israeli airstrikes in Gaza have not only killed Ahmad Al-Jabri, the top Hamas military leader, but also a tally of 15 innocent civilians while injuring dozens more. In response, Hamas has begun firing rockets into southern Israel killing 3 Israelis in Kiryat Malachi. Just a while ago, a rocket from Gaza landed in the south sea of Tel Aviv causing sirens to go off and people to take refuge.

For the Arab world, an attack on Palestinians is considered to be an attack on the Arab family as anti-Israel protests in Cairo continue to demonstrate. This is further exacerbated by photos and stories of the dead in Gaza that include a pregnant woman with twins, an eleven month-old baby, and a four-year old girl – civilians unrelated to Hamas or terrorism.

Among Arab nations, Egypt has had the most cordial relations with the state of Israel. Egypt’s perpetually-tested cordiality with Israel dates back to their peace treaty in 1979 after Camp David, when it became the first Arab nation to recognize the state of Israel. When the Muslim Brotherhood were elected after the 2011 January revolutions that toppled Mubarak’s 30 year rule, they promised to abide by Egypt’s previous international treaties, which a nervous Israel had to take at face value. After the 1979 Peace Treaty since the Sadat administration to the 21st century, Egypt has enjoyed economic and military aid from the  U.S., an amount too big to hastily breach its treaty with Israel at a time when Egypt is struggling economically.

The Morsi administration negotiated a truce between Israel and the Hamas government on the 12th but as soon as Israel assassinated the top Hamas military commander on the 14th, Egypt was quick to condemn the continuing airstrikes and moved to recall its ambassador from Israel. Anti-Israel protests have been a daily event in Tahrir this week. Furthermore the Muslim Brotherhood has not been shy in calling the state of Israel “rascist” and a “Zionist occupier.” How Egypt-Israel relations will unfold and whether Egypt can contribute to further negotiations between Israel and Hamas remain to be seen.

As military operations of the Israeli army and Hamas continue to be posted online, ‘World War III?’ is a question on people’s minds. How ironic appear the words of the daily greeting among Arabs and Israelis, “Peace be upon you.” If only those words held more authenticity and accountability.

 

Mary Hayoung Kim

 

the gate of the Arab League headquarters, downtown Cairo
November 15, 2012
Copyright: Mary Hayoung Kim

 

protesters rally in front of the Arab League headquarters, downtown Cairo
November 15, 2012
Copyright: Mary Hayoung Kim

 

the anti-Israel rally moves to Tahrir Square
November 15, 2012
Copyright: Mary Hayoung Kim

 

Egyptian man selling Palestinian flags
November 15, 2012
Copyright: Mary Hayoung Kim

 

downtown Cairo
November 15, 2012

Turkish politics: nationalism, secularism, and prayer

TRT video clip: MHP leader Bahçeli ends speech in prayer

 

Turkish nationalism, Turkish secularism, and prayer to Allah – can a reconciliation between the three exist in Turkey? 

MHP stands for ‘Miliyetçi Hareket Partisi’ which can be translated into ‘Nationalist Movement Party.’ It’s the third biggest political party in Turkey after the AKP (Justice and Development Party – the current party in power) and CHP (Republican People’s Party – the main opposition), and as the name suggests is a strong right-wing nationalist party. The party’s flag consists of three white crescent moons against a red background, a tacit display of its religous conservatism (random note: it was the Ottoman Empire that adopted the crescent moon as a symbol of Islam which spread and was commonly accepted under its vast ruling influence). In the video, the current party leader Devlet Bahçeli is ending his speech (which called for a stronger Turkish nationalism and criticized the ruling party and the main opposition of a lack thereof)  in prayer. He prays for Allah’s bereket over the nation. The voices of those in the room reply with an enthusiastic “Amin” after each sentence.

This is where Turkish politics gets interesting.

Disclaimer to Turkish politics: Granted, it is a given that a majority of Turkish politicians are Muslim. Unlike Egypt or Syria whose population has a large minority population of non-Muslims, Turkey’s demography reflects a 99% Muslim population. Yet the founding father of the Republic of Turkey enforced a strong laicism, a separation of religion and politics derived from the French term for secularism. Atatürk’s laicism however played out looking more like state-control over religion (Islam) for the sake of development and purging of Ottoman remnances after Atatürk saved the country from being torn apart by Allies after the demise of the Ottoman Empire after the first World War. Turkey’s secularism is a cornerstone to its constitution and politics that is continued to this day which is why Turkish democracy is unique for a predominantly Muslim nation in the Middle East. This is why the AKP’s policies and actions of its leaders (president, prime minister, and foreign minister) are being watched with hawk-like wariness by the opposition and any slight tendency of incorporating religion into the public sphere is criticized as going against the founding principle of the republic. Secularism is to be guarded at all costs, an axiom attested by the military coups of 1961, 1970, and 1980. The AKP walks a fine line of being accused of bringing Islam into the public sphere.

Back to the topic. Granted, it is a given that a majority of Turkish politicians are Muslim. And all Muslims pray – 5 times a day. Not in the political public sphere shouts laicism. Conceding the fact that Bahçeli was only praying at the party’s general assembly as the party leader, not as the president or prime minister. But perhaps a separation of state and religion is more of a sensitive issue in countries like Turkey where secularism is a founding principle of the republic. Not just in Turkey but also in countries like Egypt where a new democracy is taking shape with debates between the liberals and ‘Islamists’ over what degree Islam should influence the nation’s policies.

Nationalism, religious identity, and national policy on the Kurdish issue are contested by the 3 main political parties in Turkey. There is no Kurdish issue says the MHP, choosing to ignore the greatest threat to Turkish national identity. We are effectively addressing the rights of the Kurds says the AKP, reassuring the EU that it is upholding the rights of its minority. Hijaps should be allowed, greater freedom to Islam says the AKP. Uphold secularism, don’t threaten Atatürk’s republic says the CHP. “Allahım” says the MHP, praying to Allah after shouting ‘nationalism’.

Interesting dynamics to watch out for as Turkish nationalism rhetoric and its Kurdish policy as well as the degree of religious identity in politics will drastically change depending on who is in power, in the lines of a constructivist argument.

 

Mary Hayoung Kim

don’t tell my mother I met..

A better part of traveling consists not only of seeing wondrous sites and scenes, but also crossing paths with a variety of interesting people whether they be fellow travelers or locals. These are some interesting people I met while traveling Israel and Palestine:

the bawab of a madrassa in Nablus, Palestine 

While walking from the location of Jacob’s Well (when some Arabs harassed Jacob’s daughter when she was going to fetch water, he and his sons built the well out of anger so that his wives and daughter would not have to be harassed again – it took 2 years to build and it’s the site of where Jesus meets the Samaritan woman who offers him a drink of water (John 4:6-26)), we passed a madrassa where we asked the bawab (a person who guards the door) for directions only to be invited inside for a cup of coffee. The school was empty because of the Muslim holiday, Eid, but we were able to share a cup of coffee with the bawab who told us about his many children and showed us computers that were donated by KOICA (Korea International Cooperation Agency).

There are Palestinians who always offer you a cup of coffee (albeit Turkish coffee). 

Nablus, West Bank, Palestine
October 27, 2012
Copright: Mary Hayoung Kim

 

shopkeepers in the Old City, Jerusalem

We came across some beautiful skirts while walking through the bazar of the Old City. The colors and the scent of the bazar are mesmerizing and will stall your walk. However, keep in mind rule #1: Never buy at the first stall, because you’ll find the same thing at better quality and better price further on. Such was our case, as the shopkeeper in the shop further down the cobbled alley was more sympathetic to our situation as poor, ‘money-less’ students. Not to mention that his skirts were made in ‘Jerusalem’ while the skirts we had seen earlier were not authentic material and made in ‘India’ (we went back to check). In the game of haggling speaking in Arabic (or native language) always helps but you need to learn to enjoy the fierce game as much as the shopkeepers do. Always use a little bit of hesitation and friendliness.

In the Middle East, there are shopkeepers who love the game of haggling. 

 

a Palestinian soldier guarding Arafat’s tomb

In Ramallah, West Bank lies the presidential compound of Arafat, the Palestinian leader and president of the Palestinian National Authority, whose popularity amongst Arabs can be attested by the paintings and pictures which are prevalent in Palestine. The presidential compound is where the Israel army put him in 2002 and where he passed away in 2004. We made it at night and although we were not allowed to walk around the presidential compound, we were accompanied to Arafat’s tomb by a Palestinian soldier who although refused to take a picture with us, kindly took a picture of us. He stopped to shake hands and show signs of respect to (seemingly important) individuals coming to pay their respects to Arafat (presumably on occasion of the Muslim holiday Eid). “너무 잘생겼어요,” I told him in Korean which Dal-lim translated on the spot into Arabic. He appeared a bit taken aback and I wondered if we had crossed the line but after a second or so, he replied very courteously in Arabic, “I’m happy that you think so.”

There are extremely handsome Palestinian soldiers with a firm handshake.  

 

hip Israel soldiers

While waiting for the bus to Hebron at the central bus station in Jerusalem, we were amongst the swarm of murky khaki uniformed Israeli soldiers, a majority of them carrying long black guns and smoking while waiting for their buses. There are the fair share of soldier couples too. Considering that all men and women must serve a mandatory 3 years in the military and then commit to a month of training every year, you will see Israeli soliders in uniform everywhere. On this particular bus we sat behind a young Israeli female soldier with a big earphones, the music seeping out for everyone to hear. To our delight, Psy’s ‘Gangnam Style’ was on her playlist and when it started playing she handed her huge earphones to her friend sitting next to her, both of them bouncing to the beat. Dal-lim started excitedly singing along in the back.

There are Israeli soldiers who listen to ‘Gangnam Style.’ 

*In general, Israeli (and Palestinian) soldiers were friendly when giving directions and never said no to a photo.

with a friendly Israeli soldier at Hebron – I didn’t particularly want his picture, but after each of my 2 friends had taken pictures with him, he asked me if I wanted one as well and I of course obliged :)
October 29, 2012

 

the Jewish mayor of Hebron 

After seeing the tombs of the patriarchs (Abraham, Sarah, Jacob, Leah) at Hebron, we were waiting for a bus that would put us on the road to Bethlehem. After an extended period of waiting, we tried our first hitch-hiking and were invited to jump into a car with a very friendly Jew. It was interesting that he had dual citizenship as a citizen of the U.S. and a citizen of the state of Israel. He had studied the Torah as an undergraduate in Israel and also worked briefly as a paramedic. He spoke English like an American and told us that he lived in the Jewish part of Hebron (Note: Hebron has a majority Muslim population but with around 500-800 Jewish settlers) and worked as its representative, something to the degree of a mayor was what I understood his position to be. What was interesting was that he said he was working for equal rights for Palestinians in Hebron yet his attitude towards Arab Muslims was very set in stone: they don’t belong in Hebron. When talking about the upcoming U.S. elections, he also made it very clear that as a U.S. citizen living in Israel, although the likes of the U.S. economy were not of immediate interest to him, foreign policy (or the presidential candidates’ level of sympathy for Israel is what I should say) would be the decisive factor in his vote. And although he has never taken much of an interest to U.S. politics, he was planning to vote for Romney in this coming elections because he didn’t approve of Obama’s Middle East foreign policy or his lack of (seeming) warmth towards Jews (most likely in comparison with that of Mitt Romney).

There are Jews who will turn in their absentee votes in this coming U.S. presidential elections (2012) just to prevent Obama getting re-elected. 

getting a ride in Hebron to Bethlehem
photo courtesy of Nina Yejin Cho
October 28, 2012

 

Palestinian youth who live in Jerusalem

After our dinner at Ramallah, we managed to find a mini-bus going to the Ramallah checkpoint after the big buses to Jerusalem stopped running. In the mini-bus my friends and I made friends with 2 Palestinian youth. After we got off close to the checkpoint, we walked together to the checkpoint where they were joined by other friends. While waiting endlessly for the Israeli soldiers to open the iron gates to let each individuals through and check each identification, we had a great laugh. They were high school graduates. One of them was planning to study business at a university in Bethlehem. They lived in Jerusalem but frequently would visit the West Bank to go shopping or hang out with friends.

There are youth for whom checkpoints are a daily routine. 

on the bus to Jerusalem from the Ramallah checkpoint
October 29, 2012

 

an Arab Christian living in Bethlehem

Leaving Bethlehem, we were walking towards the checkpoint only to be told by a driver of a mini-van that we were walking towards the wrong checkpoint. The one we were heading towards was only for vehicles, not pedestrians. The tiredness from walking perhaps showed because when we asked for a ride in his van to get through the checkpoint, he told us to jump in. “Are you Christians?” he asked, to which we replied in the affirmative. In Israel and Palestine, asking about religion appears to be the most common question before asking about name, age, or occupation. “So am I,” he said and proceeded to tell us he wanted peace but that it was being obstructed by Muslims. It was interesting that he used to live in the walls of the Old City in Jerusalem, but now had moved to Bethlehem – it has one of the largest Arab Christian populations from both states. He was a very liberal Christian though, telling us about the perks of Bethlehem, its (ironically) liberal atmosphere and parties. He made small talk with the Israeli soliders at the checkpoint in Arabic but when he saw a Muslim woman and her children on the road asking for a ride, drove past them muttering, “I hate Muslims.” As friendly as he was, religious identity was the only lens he had for seeing others. What happened to love for one’s neighbor, Jesus’ second greatest commandment?

There are Arab Christians full of as much hatred as Arab Muslims have towards Jews – at least those with only one compartmentalization for people: religious identity. 

 

an Australian kid traveling the world

Our last night in Jerusalem, my friends and I were placed in a mixed dorm room hostel with two bunk beds. When we checked in and entered our room, we found the bottom bunk bed already taken and claimed with the likes of a piled mess of a black laptop, converse shoes, clothes, and purple boxers. The owner of the purple boxers and a blonde disheveled hair was an Australian kid just fresh out of high school, taking a gap year and already 2 months into traveling around the world. When I told him we were from South Korea, he got very excited (I think the effects of alcohol doubled the giddiness – I remembered seeing him in the hostel bar) and told my friends and I to wait because he had something very cool to show us, something we would love. He dashed into the bathroom and TA-DA came out wearing a pair of boxers imprinted on both sides with a Korean flag. He told us of how he visited Seoul and Busan at the beginning of his trip and his impressions of the cosmpolitan city.

There are travelers who’ve visited South Korea who buy and wear Korean flag boxers.

 

a South Korean who grew up in Kyrgystan, went to high school in Germany, college in the U.S., is studying in med school in Israel and has yet to complete his South Korean military service

Nothing made me more happy than getting to see the one and only Tim Lee! Tim is one of my closest friends from high school and I love getting to catch up with him in different parts of the world. We met up at Jaffa Gate, one of the entrances to the Old City (Jerusalem) and he kindly showed us around and explained to me the concept of shabbat as the day was Friday, the Jewish Sabbath, and everything was winding down to an early close in the city. After a year of med school in Israel, he’s conversational in modern Hebrew and his insights into and experience with the culture made for fascinating conversation. He’s had people on the streets come up to him and pet his sleek black hair out of curiosity or people who based on his Asian appearance condescendingly offer him jobs; I was jealous that he got to experience authentic shabbat dinner with his Jewish friends. After Tim graduates, he hopes to get a job as a doctor who can help people while traveling the world.

There are global citizens in every part of the world. 

with Tim in Jerusalem – behind us is the Golden Dome
October 26, 2012